Uveliswa njani umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo?

1. Ukuqaliswa kwepayipi yensimbi engenamthungo

Umbhobho wensimbi ongenamthungo luhlobo lwesetyhula, isikwere, intsimbi exande enecandelo elingenamngxuma kwaye akukho malungu ajikeleze. Umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo wenziwe nge-ingot yentsimbi okanye ityhubhu eqinileyo engenanto egqobhozelwe kwityhubhu yoboya, ize yenziwe ngokuqengqeleka okushushu, ukuqengqeleka okubandayo okanye umzobo obandayo. Umbhobho wensimbi ongenamthungo unecandelo elingenanto, inani elikhulu elisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa umbhobho wolwelo, umbhobho wentsimbi kunye nentsimbi ejikelezileyo kunye nezinye intsimbi eqinileyo, ekugobeni kunye namandla ajikelezayo ngaxeshanye, ubunzima obulula, luhlobo lwecandelo loqoqosho lwentsimbi, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kukwenziwa kwamalungu esakhiwo kunye namalungu oomatshini, afana ne-oyile yokomba i-scaffolding yentsimbi.

2. Imbali yophuhliso lombhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo

Imveliso yombhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo inembali ephantse ibe yi-100 iminyaka. Abazalwana baseJamani beManisman baqala ukuqulunqa umatshini wokugqobhoza we-skew ophakamileyo ezibini ngo-1885, kunye nokuveliswa komatshini ojikelezayo wemibhobho ngo-1891. Ngo-1903, i-RCStiefel yaseSwitzerland yavelisa umatshini wokurola wemibhobho ozenzekelayo (owaziwa ngokuba ngumatshini wokuqengqeleka kombhobho ophezulu) , kwaye kamva kwavela umatshini oqhubekayo wokuqengqeleka kombhobho kunye nomatshini wokutyhala umbhobho kunye nabanye oomatshini bokwandiswa, beqala ukwenza ishishini lemibhobho yentsimbi yanamhlanje engenamthungo. Ngeminyaka yee-1930, umgangatho ohlukeneyo wombhobho wentsimbi waphuculwa ngokwamkela umatshini wokuqengqeleka wemibhobho emithathu ephezulu, umatshini okhuphayo kunye nomatshini oqengqelekayo wemibhobho obandayo. Ngeminyaka yee-1960, ngenxa yokuphuculwa komatshini wokuqengqeleka oqhubekayo, ukuvela kwe-perforator enemiqulu emithathu, ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa komatshini wokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nempumelelo eqhubekayo yokuphosa i-billet, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, ukuphucula umbhobho ongenamthungo kunye nobuchule bokhuphiswano lombhobho odityanisiweyo. Kwi-70's umbhobho ongenamthungo kunye nombhobho odityanisiweyo uhambelana, imveliso yombhobho wentsimbi yehlabathi ngesantya esingaphezu kwe-5% ngonyaka. Ukususela ngo-1953, i-China iye yancamathela ukubaluleka okukhulu kuphuhliso lweshishini lombhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo, kwaye ekuqaleni yenze inkqubo yemveliso yokuqengqeleka imibhobho eyahlukeneyo emikhulu, ephakathi kunye nencinci. Umbhobho we-Copper uphinde usetyenziswe ngokuqhelekileyo umnqamlezo we-ingot - i-rolling perforation, i-tube mill rolling, inkqubo yokudweba ikhoyili.

3. Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuhlelwa kombhobho wensimbi engenamthungo

Sebenzisa:

Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo luhlobo lwentsimbi yezoqoqosho enqamlezileyo, inesikhundla esibaluleke kakhulu kuqoqosho lwelizwe, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwipetroleum, kwishishini lemichiza, kwibhoyila, isikhululo samandla, inqanawa, ukwenziwa koomatshini, iimoto, inqwelomoya, i-aerospace, amandla, ijoloji. , ukwakhiwa kunye nomkhosi kunye namanye amacandelo.

Ukuhlelwa:

(1) Ngokwemilo yecandelo, ihlulwe kumbhobho wecandelo lesetyhula kunye nombhobho wecandelo okhethekileyo

(2) Ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo: umbhobho wentsimbi yekhabhoni, umbhobho wentsimbi, umbhobho wentsimbi, umbhobho odibeneyo

(3) Ngokwendlela yokudibanisa: umbhobho wokudibanisa odibeneyo, umbhobho odibeneyo

(4) Ngokwendlela yokuvelisa: ukuqengqeleka okushushu (i-extrusion, phezulu, ukwandiswa) umbhobho, ukuqengqeleka okubandayo (umzobo) umbhobho.

(5) ngokusetyenziswa: umbhobho webhoyila, umbhobho wequla le-oyile, umbhobho wemibhobho, umbhobho wesakhiwo, umbhobho wesichumiso sekhemikhali……

4, inkqubo yokuvelisa umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo

① Inkqubo engundoqo yemveliso (inkqubo yokuhlolwa engundoqo) yombhobho wentsimbi eshushu eqengqelekayo:

Ukulungiswa kunye nokuhlolwa kwetyhubhu engenanto → ukufudumeza ityhubhu engenanto → ukugqobhoza → Ukuqengqeleka kwetyhubhu → ukufudumeza ityhubhu kwinkunkuma → ukulungisa (ukunciphisa) ububanzi → unyango lobushushu → ukulungiswa kombhobho ogqityiweyo → ukugqiba → ukuhlola (okungonakalisiyo, okubonakalayo kunye neekhemikhali, ukuhlolwa kwetafile) → ugcino

② Ingqele eqengqelekayo (umzobo) umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo eyona nkqubo yokuvelisa

Ukulungiselela okungenanto → ukutyumba ukuthambisa → ukuqengqeleka okubandayo (umzobo) → unyango lobushushu → ukulungisa → ukugqiba → ukuhlola.

5. Itshathi yenkqubo yokuvelisa umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo eshushu iqengqeleke ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: