Ukucima intsimbi ukutshisa intsimbi kwiqondo lokushisa elibalulekileyo Ac3a (sub-eutectic steel) okanye Ac1 (over-eutectic steel) ngaphezu kweqondo lokushisa, ubambe ixesha elithile, ukuze yonke into okanye inxalenye ye-austenitization, kwaye ngokukhawuleza. kunezinga lokupholisa elibalulekileyo lomlinganiselo wokupholisa wokupholisa ngokukhawuleza kuNkskz ongezantsi (okanye uNksz kufutshane ne-isothermal) ukwenzela ukuguqulwa kwe-martensite a (okanye i-bainite) inkqubo yonyango lokushisa. Ngesiqhelo kwakhona ialloyi aluminiyam, ingxubevange yobhedu, ingxubevange titanium, iglasi epholileyo kunye nezinye izinto eziqinileyo umncedisi isisombululo "okanye ngenkqubo yokupholisa ngokukhawuleza unyango ubushushu inkqubo ebizwa quenching".
Injongo yokucima:
(1) Ukuphucula iimpawu zemishini yesinyithi kwizinto eziphathekayo okanye iinxalenye.
(2) ukuphucula izinto eziphathekayo okanye iikhemikhali zentsimbi ethile ekhethekileyo
Iindlela zokucima: ubukhulu becala ukucinywa kolwelo olunye, umlilo wolwelo oluphindwe kabini, ukucima okuhleliweyo, ukucinywa kwe-isothermal, ukucinywa kwendawo kunye nokunye.
I-Tempering yintsimbi ecinyiweyo ibe yinto okanye inxalenye eshushu kwiqondo elithile lobushushu, emva kokubamba ixesha elithile, lipholile ngendlela ethile yenkqubo yonyango lobushushu, ukufudumala lusebenza ngokukhawuleza emva kokucima, ngokuqhelekileyo ikwayi-workpiece yonyango lobushushu. yenkqubo yokugqibela, kwaye ngaloo ndlela inkqubo edibeneyo yokucima kunye nokufudumala ibizwa ngokuba lunyango lokugqibela.
Indima yokuthoba kuku:
(1) ukuphucula ukuzinza kombutho, ukwenzela ukuba i-workpiece ekusetyenzisweni kwenkqubo ayisekho kwintlangano yokuguqulwa, ukwenzela ukuba i-workpiece yejometri kunye neepropati zihlala zizinzile.
(2) Ukuphelisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi ukwenzela ukuba kuphuculwe ukusebenza komsebenzi kunye nokuzinzisa ijometri ye-workpiece.
(3) ukulungelelanisa iimpawu zomatshini zentsimbi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa.
Iimfuno zokuthoba: ukusetyenziswa okwahlukeneyo kwendawo yokusebenza kufuneka kuthotywe kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezisetyenziswayo. (1) izixhobo zokusika, iibheringi, iindawo ezicinyiweyo ze-carburizing, iindawo ezicinyiweyo zihlala zifudumala kwi-250 ℃ ngaphantsi kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, ubushushu obuphantsi emva kokuba ubunzima bungatshintshi kakhulu, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi luyancipha, ukuqina kuncinci. iphuculwe. (2) intwasahlobo kwi-350 ~ 500 ℃ phantsi kobushushu obuphakathi, inokufumana ukuqina okuphezulu kunye nokuqina okuyimfuneko. (3) i-medium-carbon structural steel parts ezenziwe ngobushushu bobushushu obuphezulu ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-500 ~ 600 ℃, ukuze kufumaneke amandla afanelekileyo kunye nokuqina komdlalo olungileyo.
Ukulungiswa luhlobo lonyango lobushushu lokuphucula ukuqina kwentsimbi, amacandelo entsimbi afudunyezwa kwiqondo lobushushu le-Ac3 ngaphezu kwe-30 ~ 50 ℃, emva kokubamba ixesha elithile ngaphandle kwe-air-cooled. Into ephambili kukuba izinga lokupholisa likhawuleza kunokubuyisela kwaye lisezantsi kunokucima, ukupholisa kunokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza ukupholisa kwi-crystalline grain refinement yentsimbi, i-complementary single inokufumana amandla awonelisayo, kwaye inokuphucula kakhulu i-capriciousness encinci (ixabiso le-AKV). ), ukunciphisa ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka kwecandelo, i-alloy ephantsi eshushu yaqengqeleka ipleyiti yentsimbi, i-alloy steel forgings ephantsi kunye nokuphosa ngokuqheleka, iimpawu zoomatshini ezibanzi zezinto zinokudlalwa ukuphucula, kodwa nokuphucula ukusebenza kokusika.
I-Anealing yintsimbi ifudumeza ngokuthe ngcembe kwiqondo elithile lobushushu, igcinwe ixesha elaneleyo, kwaye emva koko kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo lendawo ebandayo yenkqubo yokunyanga ubushushu besinyithi. Unyango lokutshisa ubushushu bohlulahlulwe lwaba ludibaniso olupheleleyo, i-annealing engaphelelanga kunye nokuthomalalisa koxinzelelo. Iimpawu zobuchwephesha bezinto ezifakwe kwi-anneal zingasetyenziselwa uvavanyo lwe-tensile ukuya kwi-Kinze, inokubonwa ngovavanyo lobulukhuni. Izinto ezininzi zentsimbi zinikezelwe kwimeko ebuyiselweyo yobushushu, uvavanyo lobulukhuni bentsimbi lunokusetyenziswa umvavanyi wobulukhuni be-Locke, ukuvavanya ubulukhuni be-HRB, kwiipleyiti zentsimbi ezinqabileyo, imicu yentsimbi, kunye neetyhubhu zentsimbi ezinodonga olucekethekileyo, ungasebenzisa umvavanyi wobulukhuni weLocke. , izixhobo zokwakha HRT ubulukhuni.
Injongo yokucima kunye ne-annealing: i-1 yokuphucula iimpahla zokuphelisa ukuqina kwakho kwi-casting, i-forging, i-rolling kunye ne-welding inkqubo ebangelwa yiziphene ezahlukeneyo zombutho, kunye noxinzelelo olushiyekileyo, ukuthintela ukuguqulwa kwe-workpiece, ukuqhekeka. 2 ukuthambisa i-workpiece ukuze uqhube umsebenzi wokusika. I-3 yokucoca ingqolowa, ukuphucula umbutho ukwenzela ukuba kuphuculwe iimpawu zomatshini we-workpiece. I-4 yonyango lokugqibela lobushushu (ukucima, ukufudumala) ukwenza umsebenzi omhle wemigangatho yentlangano.
Iinkqubo ezixhaphakileyo zokufunxa zezi:
(1) ukucoca ngokupheleleyo. Isetyenziselwa ukucokisa umbindi kunye nezantsi kwentsimbi yekhabhoni ngokuphosa, ukubumba kunye ne-welding emva kokuvela kweempawu ezingalunganga zomatshini wezicubu ezishushu kakhulu.
(2) ukukhutshwa komjikelo. Isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ubunzima obuphezulu bensimbi yesixhobo kunye nentsimbi yokuthwala emva kokubumba.
(3) i-isothermal annealing. Isetyenziselwa Jiangdu ethile nickel, chromium umxholo engile intsimbi ingxubevange yesakhiwo intsimbi ukuqina eliphezulu.
(4) irecrystallization annealing. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza ucingo lwentsimbi yetroli, iphepha kumzobo obandayo, inkqubo ebandayo yokuqengqeleka yento enzima (ubunzima buyanda, iplastiki iyancipha)
(5) graphitization annealing. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza intsimbi etyhidiweyo equlethe inani elikhulu lomzimba we-carburized ibe yintsimbi ethambileyo etyhidiweyo kunye neplastiki elungileyo.
(6) i-diffusion annealing. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali ze-alloy castings uniforms, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwayo.
(7) ukunciphisa uxinzelelo. Isetyenziselwa ukuphelisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lweentsimbi zentsimbi kunye ne-weldments.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-01-2024
