Kudzima simbi ndiko kupisa simbi kune yakaoma tembiricha Ac3a (sub-eutectic simbi) kana Ac1 (pamusoro-eutectic simbi) pamusoro tembiricha, kubata kwenguva yakati rebei, kuitira kuti zvose kana chikamu austenitization, uye ipapo nokukurumidza. kupfuura iyo yakakosha kutonhora mwero wekutonhora kwekukurumidza kutonhora kuna Ms pazasi (kana Ms padyo neisothermal) yekushandurwa kwemartensite a (kana bainite) kupisa kupisa maitiro. Kazhinji zvakare aruminiyamu alloys, mhangura alloys, titanium alloys, tempered girazi uye zvimwe zvinhu solid solution mubatsiri "kana nekukurumidza kutonhora maitiro ekupisa kurapwa kunonzi quenching".
Chinangwa chekudzivirira:
(1) Kuvandudza michina yesimbi kuita zvinhu kana zvikamu.
(2) kunatsiridza zvinhu zvemukati kana makemikari zvimiro zveimwe simbi yakakosha
Nzira dzekudzima: kunyanya kudzima kwemvura-yemvura, moto wemvura yakapetwa kaviri, kudzima kwegiredhi, kudzima isothermal, kudzima kwenzvimbo uye zvichingodaro.
Tempering isimbi yakadzimwa kuita chinhu kana chikamu chinopisa kune imwe tembiricha, mushure mekubata imwe nguva yenguva, yakatonhodzwa neimwe nzira yekupisa kurapwa, tempering ndeyekuvhiya mushure mekudzima, kazhinji zvakare ndiyo workpiece yekupisa kurapwa. Yekupedzisira maitiro, uye nokudaro maitiro ekubatana kwekudzima uye kupisa kunonzi kurapwa kwekupedzisira.
Basa rekupisa nderokuti:
(1) kuvandudza kugadzikana kwesangano, kuitira kuti workpiece mukushandiswa kwemaitiro haichazoitiki musangano rekushandura, kuitira kuti workpiece geometry uye zvinhu zvirambe zvakagadzikana.
(2) Bvisa kushushikana kwemukati kuitira kuti uvandudze kushanda kweiyo workpiece uye kudzikamisa geometry yeworkpiece.
(3) gadzirisa michina yesimbi kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa.
Zvinodiwa zvekupisa: kushandiswa kwakasiyana kweiyo workpiece kunofanirwa kudzikamiswa pane tembiricha dzakasiyana kuti isangane nezvinodiwa mukushandiswa. (1) maturusi ekucheka, mabearings, carburizing kudzimwa zvikamu, nzvimbo dzakadzimwa dzepamusoro dzinowanzo kupiswa pa250 ℃ pazasi pekudzikira-kupisa, kudziya kwakadzika-tembiricha mushure mekuoma kusachinja zvakanyanya, kushushikana kwemukati kunoderedzwa, kuomarara kuri zvishoma. kuvandudzwa. (2) chitubu mu350 ~ 500 ℃ pasi pepakati tembiricha tembiricha, inogona kuwana yakakwira elasticity uye inodiwa kuoma. (3) yepakati-kabhoni structural simbi zvikamu zvakagadzirwa nepamusoro-tembiricha tembiricha kazhinji pa500 ~ 600 ℃, kuitira kuti vawane kusimba kwakakodzera uye kusimba kwemutambo wakanaka.
Normalizing imhando yekurapa kwekupisa kuti uvandudze kuoma kwesimbi, zvikamu zvesimbi zvinopisa kune tembiricha yeAc3 inopfuura 30 ~ 50 ℃, mushure mekubata nguva kubva mumhepo-yakatonhodzwa. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti mwero wekutonhodza unokurumidza kupfuura kudzoka uye wakaderera pane kudzimisa, kudzikamisa kunogona kukurumidza kutonhora zvishoma mukristallline tsanga yekunatsa yesimbi, inopindirana imwe chete inogona kuwana simba rinogutsa, uye inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya diki capriciousness (AKV kukosha). ), kuderedza tsika yekutsemuka kwechikamu, imwe yakaderera alloy inopisa yakakungurutswa simbi ndiro, yakaderera alloy simbi forgings uye castings ne normalizing, iyo yakazara mechanicha zvimiro zvezvinhu zvinogona kuridzwa kuti zvivandudze, asi zvakare kugadzirisa iyo Kucheka kuita.
Annealing ndiyo simbi inodziya zvishoma nezvishoma kune imwe tembiricha, inochengetwa kwenguva yakakwana, uye ipapo pachiyero chakakodzera chenzvimbo inotonhora yesimbi kupisa maitiro. Annealing kupisa kurapwa kwakakamurwa kuita annealing yakakwana, isina kukwana annealing uye kushushikana kunyaradza annealing. Mechanical zvimiro zveannealed zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa tensile bvunzo kuKinze, inogona zvakare kuwonekwa nekuomarara bvunzo. Mazhinji masimbi emidziyo anopihwa mune yakadzoserwa kupisa-yakagadziriswa mamiriro, simbi kuomarara kuyedzwa kunogona kushandiswa Locke's kuomarara tester, kuyedza HRB kuomarara, kune yakatetepa simbi mahwendefa, simbi mitsetse, uye matete-akavakirwa simbi machubhu, unogona kushandisa pamusoro Locke's hardness tester. , zvokuvakisa HRT kuoma.
Chinangwa chekudzima uye kusungirira: 1 kuvandudza zvinhu kuti zvibvise iwe wakaomesesa mukukanda, forging, rolling uye welding process inokonzerwa nekukanganisa kwakasiyana kwesangano, pamwe nekusarira kunetseka, kudzivirira deformation yeworkpiece, kuputika. 2 kupfavisa workpiece kuitira kuita kucheka. 3 kunatsa zviyo, kuvandudza sangano kuitira kuvandudza ma mechanical properties ye workpiece. 4 yekupedzisira kupisa kurapwa (kudzima, kupisa) kuita basa rakanaka remaitiro esangano.
Zvinonyanya kushandiswa annealing maitiro ndeaya:
(1) kunyatsogadzirisa. Inoshandiswa kukwenenzvera yepakati nepasi kabhoni simbi nekukandira, forging uye welding mushure mekubuda kwehurombo hwemagetsi zvimiro zveyakaomesesa superheated tishu.
(2) spheroidal annealing. Inoshandiswa kuderedza kuoma kwepamusoro kwesimbi yemidziyo uye simbi yekubereka mushure mekugadzira.
(3) isothermal annealing. Inoshandiswa kuJiangdu imwe nickel, chromium yemukati angle simbi alloy structural simbi kuomarara.
(4) recrystallization annealing. Inoshandiswa ku trolley simbi waya, pepa mukutonhora kudhirowa, kutonhora kutenderedza maitiro ekuomesa chiitiko (kuoma kunowedzera, plasticity inoderera)
(5) graphitization annealing. Inoshandiswa kugadzira simbi yakakandwa ine nhamba yakakura yecarburized body kuita inogadzika simbi yakakandwa ine yakanaka plasticity.
(6) diffusion annealing. Inoshandiswa kugadzira kemikari yealloy castings yunifomu, inovandudza kuita kwayo.
(7) kuderedza kushushikana mupfungwa. Inoshandiswa kubvisa kushushikana kwemukati kwesimbi castings uye weldments.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-01-2024
