1. Kumenyekanisha umuyoboro wicyuma udafite kashe
Umuyoboro udafite icyuma ni ubwoko bwuruziga, kare, ibyuma byurukiramende bifite igice cyuzuye kandi ntaho bihuriye. Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite ikizinga gikozwe mubyuma cyangwa umuyoboro ukomeye wambaye ubusa usobekeranye mu bwoya bw'ubwoya, hanyuma bigakorwa no kuzunguruka bishyushye, gukonjesha cyangwa gushushanya bikonje. Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite icyerekezo gifite igice cyuzuye, umubare munini ukoreshwa mugutanga imiyoboro y'amazi, umuyoboro wibyuma hamwe nicyuma kizengurutse hamwe nibindi byuma bikomeye, mukunama no gukomera kwa torsional icyarimwe, uburemere bworoheje, ni ubwoko bwubukungu bwibyuma, bikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibice byubatswe nibice bya mashini, nko gucukura peteroli.
2. Amateka yiterambere ryicyuma
Gukora imiyoboro idafite ibyuma ifite amateka yimyaka hafi 100. Abavandimwe ba Manisman b'Abadage bavumbuye bwa mbere imashini itobora ibyuma birebire bibiri mu 1885, kandi havumburwa imashini izunguruka mu gihe cyagenwe mu 1891. Mu 1903, mu Busuwisi RCStiefel yahimbye imashini izunguruka mu buryo bwikora (izwi kandi nk'imashini izunguruka imiyoboro yo hejuru), nyuma yaje kugaragara imashini ihora itwara imashini itwara imashini hamwe n'indi mashini yagura, itangira gukora inganda zigezweho zidafite ibyuma. Mu myaka ya za 1930, ubwiza butandukanye bwumuyoboro wibyuma bwarushijeho kunozwa hifashishijwe imashini itwara imiyoboro miremire itatu, imashini isohora imashini ikonjesha imbeho ikonje. Mu myaka ya za 1960, bitewe no kunoza imashini ikomeza imiyoboro ihoraho, hagaragaye perforateri eshatu, cyane cyane ikoreshwa ryimashini igabanya ubukana hamwe nogukomeza kwishura bilet, kunoza umusaruro, kongera imiyoboro idafite ubudodo hamwe nubushobozi bwo guhatanira imiyoboro. Muri 70′s umuyoboro udafite kashe hamwe nu muyoboro usudira biramenyerewe, umusaruro wibyuma byisi ku isi ku gipimo kirenga 5% kumwaka. Kuva mu 1953, Ubushinwa bwagize uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’inganda zidafite ibyuma, kandi bwabanje gushyiraho uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro imiyoboro minini, mito n'iciriritse. Umuyoboro wumuringa nawo ukoreshwa muburyo bwa ingot cross - kuzunguruka perforasiyo, gusya imashini, kuzenguruka ibiceri.
3. Koresha no gutondekanya imiyoboro idafite ibyuma
Koresha:
Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite uburinganire ni ubwoko bw'ibyuma byambukiranya ubukungu, bifite umwanya w'ingenzi mu bukungu bw'igihugu, bikoreshwa cyane muri peteroli, inganda z’imiti, amashyiga, sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi, ubwato, imashini zikora, imodoka, indege, ikirere, ingufu, geologiya, ubwubatsi n’ingabo n’izindi nzego.
Ibyiciro:
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(3) Ukurikije uburyo bwo guhuza: umuyoboro uhuza umuyoboro, umuyoboro usudutse
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4, inzira yo gukora imiyoboro idafite ibyuma
Process Uburyo bukuru bwo kubyaza umusaruro (inzira nyamukuru yo kugenzura) yumuyaga ushyushye udafite ibyuma:
Gutegura no kugenzura imiyoboro irimo ubusa → gushyushya igituba ubusa → gutobora → Kuzunguruka umuyoboro → gushyushya umuyoboro mu myanda
Ubukonje buzunguruka (gushushanya) umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite inzira
Gutegura neza → gutoragura amavuta → kuzunguruka bikonje (gushushanya) treatment kuvura ubushyuhe → kugorora → kurangiza → kugenzura.
5. Igikorwa cyo gutunganya ibicuruzwa byerekana imbonerahamwe ishyushye izengurutswe nicyuma gikurikira:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-13-2023