1. Kumenyekanisha umuyoboro wicyuma udafite kashe
Umuyoboro udafite icyuma ni ubwoko bwuruziga, kare, ibyuma byurukiramende bifite igice cyuzuye kandi ntaho bihuriye. Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite ikizinga gikozwe mubyuma cyangwa umuyoboro ukomeye wambaye ubusa usobekeranye mu bwoya bw'ubwoya, hanyuma bigakorwa no kuzunguruka bishyushye, gukonjesha cyangwa gushushanya bikonje. Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite icyerekezo gifite igice cyuzuye, umubare munini wifashishwa mu kugeza imiyoboro y'amazi, umuyoboro w'ibyuma hamwe n'ibyuma bizunguruka hamwe n'ibindi byuma bikomeye, mu kugonda no gukomera kwa torsional icyarimwe, uburemere bworoshye, ni ubwoko bwubukungu bwibyuma, ikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibice byububiko hamwe nubukanishi, nka peteroli yo gucukura amavuta.
2. Amateka yiterambere ryicyuma
Gukora imiyoboro idafite ibyuma ifite amateka yimyaka 100. Abavandimwe b'Abadage Manisman bavumbuye bwa mbere imashini itobora skew-ebyiri mu 1885, no kuvumbura imashini izunguruka mu gihe cyagenwe mu 1891. Mu 1903, Ubusuwisi RCStiefel bwahimbye imashini izunguruka mu buryo bwikora (bizwi kandi ko ari yo mashini izunguruka hejuru) , hanyuma haza kugaragara imashini ikomeza imiyoboro hamwe nimashini isunika imiyoboro hamwe nizindi mashini zaguka, zitangira gukora inganda zigezweho zidafite ibyuma. Mu myaka ya za 1930, ubwiza butandukanye bwumuyoboro wibyuma bwarushijeho kunozwa hifashishijwe imashini itwara imiyoboro miremire itatu, imashini isohora imashini ikonjesha imbeho ikonje. Mu myaka ya za 1960, bitewe no kunoza imashini ikomeza imiyoboro ihoraho, hagaragaye perforateri eshatu, cyane cyane ikoreshwa ryimashini igabanya ubukana hamwe nogukomeza kwishura bilet, kunoza umusaruro, kongera imiyoboro idafite ubudodo hamwe nubushobozi bwo guhatanira imiyoboro. Muri 70′s umuyoboro udafite kashe hamwe numuyoboro usudira biramenyerewe, umusaruro wibyuma byisi ku isi ku gipimo kirenga 5% kumwaka. Kuva mu 1953, Ubushinwa bwagize uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’inganda zidafite ibyuma, kandi bwabanje gushyiraho uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro imiyoboro minini, mito n'iciriritse. Umuyoboro w'umuringa nawo ukoreshwa cyane muri ingot cross - kuzunguruka perforasi, kuzunguruka urusyo, inzira yo gushushanya.
3. Koresha no gutondekanya imiyoboro idafite ibyuma
Koresha:
Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite icyerekezo ni ubwoko bw'ibyuma byambukiranya ubukungu, bifite umwanya w'ingenzi mu bukungu bw'igihugu, bikoreshwa cyane muri peteroli, inganda z’imiti, amashyiga, sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi, ubwato, imashini zikora, imodoka, indege, ikirere, ingufu, geologiya , ubwubatsi n’igisirikare nizindi nzego.
Ibyiciro:
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(3) Ukurikije uburyo bwo guhuza: umuyoboro uhuza umuyoboro, umuyoboro usudutse
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4, uburyo bwo gukora imiyoboro idafite ibyuma
Process Uburyo bukuru bwo kubyaza umusaruro (inzira nyamukuru yo kugenzura) yumuyaga ushyushye udafite ibyuma:
Gutegura no kugenzura imiyoboro yubusa → gushyushya igituba ubusa → gutobora → Kuzunguruka umuyoboro → gushyushya umuyoboro mu myanda kugenzura imbonerahamwe) → ububiko
Ubukonje buzunguruka (gushushanya) umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite inzira
Gutegura neza → gutoragura amavuta → kuzunguruka bikonje (gushushanya) treatment kuvura ubushyuhe → kugorora → kurangiza → kugenzura.
5. Igikorwa cyo gutunganya ibicuruzwa byerekana imbonerahamwe ishyushye izengurutswe nicyuma gikurikira:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-13-2023
