Usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ - quenching, tempering, normalizing, annealing

Ngwunye nchara bụ ikpo ọkụ nchara ahụ na okpomọkụ dị oke egwu Ac3a (sub-eutectic steel) ma ọ bụ Ac1 (over-eutectic steel) n'elu okpomọkụ, jide ruo oge ụfọdụ, nke mere na ihe niile ma ọ bụ akụkụ nke austenitization, na ngwa ngwa. karịa ọnụ ọgụgụ dị oke egwu nke jụrụ oyi nke ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa na Ms n'okpuru (ma ọ bụ Ms nso isothermal) maka mgbanwe nke martensite a (ma ọ bụ bainite) usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, aluminom alloys, ọla kọpa alloys, titanium alloys, tempered iko na ihe ndị ọzọ siri ike ngwọta nnyemaaka “ma ọ bụ na ngwa ngwa jụrụ usoro okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ usoro akpọ quenching”.

 

Ebumnuche nke imenyụ:
(1) Meziwanye ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke igwe n'ime ihe ma ọ bụ akụkụ.
(2) melite ihe onwunwe ma ọ bụ chemical Njirimara nke ụfọdụ pụrụ iche ígwè

 

Ụzọ emenyụ: tumadi otu-mmiri quenching, abụọ-mmiri ọkụ ọkụ, graded quenching, isothermal quenching, mpaghara quenching na na.

Tempering bụ quenched metal n'ime ihe ma ọ bụ akụkụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na a ụfọdụ okpomọkụ, mgbe na-ejide ụfọdụ oge, mma n'ụzọ ụfọdụ nke okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ usoro, tempering bụ ọrụ ozugbo quenching, na-emekarị bụkwa workpiece maka okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ. nke usoro ikpeazụ, ya mere a na-akpọ usoro nkwonkwo nke nkwụsị na iwe ọkụ na-akpọ ọgwụgwọ ikpeazụ.
Ọrụ nke iwe iwe bụ:
(1) melite nkwụsi ike nke nzukọ, nke mere na workpiece na ojiji nke usoro agaghịkwa eme na nzukọ nke mgbanwe, nke mere na workpiece geometry na Njirimara na-anọgide na-eguzosi ike.
(2) Wepụ nrụgide dị n'ime iji meziwanye arụmọrụ nke workpiece ma mee ka geometry nke workpiece guzosie ike.

(3) gbanwee ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke ígwè iji mezuo ihe achọrọ iji mee ihe.

 

Tempering chọrọ: dị iche iche ojiji nke workpiece kwesịrị iwe ọkụ dị iche iche okpomọkụ iji mezuo ihe a chọrọ na ojiji. (1) ngwá ọrụ ịkpụ, bearings, carburizing quenched akụkụ, elu quenched akụkụ na-na-emekarị tempered na 250 ℃ n'okpuru ala-okpomọkụ tempering, ala-okpomọkụ tempering mgbe hardness adịghị agbanwe nke ukwuu, n'ime ime na-ebelata, ike dị ntakịrị. emeziwanye. (2) mmiri na 350 ~ 500 ℃ n'okpuru ọkara okpomọkụ tempering, nwere ike nweta elu elasticity na mkpa siri ike. (3) akụkụ ígwè arụ ọrụ nke ọkara-carbon mere nke okpomọkụ dị elu na-emekarị na 500 ~ 600 ℃, iji nweta ike kwesịrị ekwesị na ike nke egwuregwu dị mma.

 

Normalizing bụ ụdị ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ iji meziwanye ike nke ígwè, a na-eme ka ihe ndị ahụ dị nchara na-ekpo ọkụ na AC3 okpomọkụ n'elu 30 ~ 50 ℃, mgbe ọ na-ejide oge nke ikuku jụrụ oyi. Isi ihe dị na ya bụ na ọnụego jụrụ oyi bụ ngwa ngwa karịa nloghachi na ala karịa quenching, normalizing nwere ike ịdị ntakịrị ngwa ngwa na-eme ka ọ dị jụụ na nhazi ọka kristal nke ígwè, ihe mgbakwunye otu nwere ike nweta ume na-eju afọ, ma nwee ike imeziwanye obere capriciousness (AKV uru). ), belata ọchịchọ nke cracking nke akụrụngwa, ụfọdụ ala alloy ọkụ akpọrepu ígwè efere, ala alloy ígwè forgings na nkedo site normalizing, keukwu n'ibu Njirimara nke ihe onwunwe. enwere ike ịkpọ ya ka ọ dị mma, mana ọ na-emeziwanye arụmọrụ ịkpụ.

 

Annealing bụ ígwè na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ekpo ọkụ na ụfọdụ okpomọkụ, na-edobe ruo oge zuru ezu, na mgbe ahụ na a kwesịrị ekwesị ọnụego nke oyi mpaghara nke a metal okpomọkụ usoro ọgwụgwọ. A na-ekewa ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ n'ime nkwụsị zuru oke, nkwụsịtụ na-ezughị ezu na nkwụsịtụ mgbakasị ahụ. Enwere ike iji ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke ihe annealed mee ihe nyocha tensile na Kinze, enwere ike chọpụta ya site na ule siri ike. A na-ebunye ọtụtụ ihe nchara n'ọnọdụ a na-agwọta okpomọkụ, enwere ike iji ule siri ike ígwè mee ihe nyocha Locke siri ike, nwalee ike HRB, maka efere ígwè dị gịrịgịrị, ibe nchara na tubes ígwè nwere mgbidi, ị nwere ike iji ihe nlele elu Locke's hardness tester. , Ihe owuwu ụlọ HRT siri ike.
Nzube nke quenching na annealing: 1 iji melite ngwongwo na ikpochapụ isiike gị na nkedo, forging, Rolling na ịgbado ọkụ usoro mere site a dịgasị iche iche nke nhazi ntụpọ, nakwa dị ka ihe fọdụrụ nrụgide, iji gbochie deformation nke workpiece, cracking. 2 iji mee ka ọrụ ahụ dị nro iji mepụta ịkpụ. 3 iji nụchaa ọka, melite nzukọ iji melite n'ibu Njirimara nke workpiece. 4 maka ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ ikpeazụ (quenching, tempering) iji rụọ ọrụ dị mma nke ụkpụrụ nhazi.
Usoro mgbakasị ahụ a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ:
(1) mgbakasị ahụ zuru oke. A na-eji ya emeziwanye nchara nke etiti na ala carbon site na nkedo, ịgbado ọkụ na ịgbado ọkụ mgbe ntoputa nke akụrụngwa na-adịghị mma nke anụ ahụ na-ekpo oke ọkụ.
(2) spheroidal annealing. A na-eji ya belata ike siri ike nke ígwè ọrụ na ihe na-ebu ígwè mgbe a na-emepụta ya.
(3) isothermal annealing. A na-eji Jiangdu mee ihe ụfọdụ nickel, chromium ọdịnaya n'akuku ígwè alloy structural steel elu siri ike.
(4) recrystalization annealing. A na-eji waya trolley metal, mpempe akwụkwọ na eserese oyi, usoro ịgbagharị oyi nke ihe siri ike (ike siri ike na-abawanye, plasticity na-ebelata)
(5) graphitization annealing. A na-eji ya mee ka ígwè nkedo nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke carburized ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ígwè nkedo na-adịghị mma nke nwere ezigbo plasticity.
(6) mgbasa mgbasa annealing. A na-eji mee ka ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ nke nkedo alloy bụrụ otu, kwalite arụmọrụ ya.
(7) mgbakasị ahụ mgbu. A na-eji kpochapụ nrụgide dị n'ime nke nkedo ígwè na welded.